P (Z = 15): 1s22s22p63s23p3 cos 6 electron hóa trị cần thêm 3 electron để đạt octet

H (Z = 1): 1s1 H có 1 electron hóa trị cần thêm 1 electron để dạt octet

khi hình thành liên kết P góp chung 3 electron với 3 electron của 3 H → Trong PH₃, xung quanh P có 8 electron giống khí hiếm Ar còn có 2 electron giông khí hiếm He

blended learning combines traditional classroom teaching with online learning, offering a flexible and personalized educational experience. Students can learn at their own pace, revisiting materials online and engaging with interactive content, which enhances understanding and retention. This model also supports diverse learning styles, as it intergates multimedia resources alongside face-to-face instruction. Teachers can track student progress more effectively, providing targeted support where neede. Additionally, blended learning fosters independence, time management, anh self-motivation in students. By combining the benefis of both in-person and digital learning, this approach prepares students for future academic and career challenges in a tech-driven worl